Every example below is a complete, runnable .mojo file in this repo’s own examples/ directory – each page shows the actual source next to its actual rendered output, so you can see exactly what it takes to draw that primitive.

Shapes & lines

The discrete shape primitives – hard-edged and anti-aliased variants side by side.

Lines — Compare hard-edged and anti-aliased lines.	Rectangle Stroke — Draw crisp rectangle outlines at several widths.
Fill & Blend — Fill rectangles and layer translucent colors.	Circles — Compare filled, outlined, hard-edged, and anti-aliased circles.
Ellipses — Compare filled, outlined, hard-edged, and anti-aliased ellipses.	Arcs & Wedges — Draw arcs, wedges, and ring sectors.
Polylines — Connect several points with hard-edged and anti-aliased lines.	Polygons — Compare polygon outlines and fills with and without anti-aliasing.
Meshes & Surfaces — Draw a surface’s faces as one seam-free shape, beside the same faces filled one at a time.

Paths & fills

The general Path API – Bezier curves, multi-sub-path fill rules, and gradient fills.

Paths — Build and fill a multi-subpath shape with lines and Bezier curves.	Fill Rules — Compare even-odd and nonzero filling on one path.
Gradients — Apply linear and radial gradients to rectangles and paths.	Conic Gradients — Sweep colors around a center with conic gradients.
Linear-Light Color — Compare sRGB and linear-light interpolation and blending.	Pattern Fills — Fill geometry from a repeating canvas pattern.

Style

Control strokes, compositing, and effects independently of geometry.

Dashes — Apply dash patterns to lines and polygon outlines.	Caps & Joins — Compare stroke caps, joins, and miter limits.
Blend & Composite Modes — Compare blend and Porter-Duff composite modes.	Shadows & Blur — Blur pixels and draw a reusable shadowed shape.

Transforms & composition

Move between coordinate spaces, preserve drawing state, clip content, and compose canvases.

Transforms — Map data coordinates into a translated and rotated pixel frame.	Canvas Transform State — Compose transforms with Canvas save and restore state.
Clipping — Restrict drawing to stacked rectangular clip regions.	Clipping to a Path — Restrict drawing to an arbitrary path.
Alpha Masks — Control per-pixel coverage with alpha masks.	Layers & Compositing — Compose independently rendered canvases into one image.
Drawing a Canvas Scaled & Rotated — Place a scaled and rotated canvas through a matrix.

Text

Real system-font text rendering – native font matching, TrueType parsing, bidi, text along a curve, and outlined glyphs.

Text — Render aligned and rotated text from system fonts.	Text on a Path & Stroked Text — Place text along a curve and draw outlined glyphs.

Image I/O

Writing (and reading back) the pixel buffer as a real image file, and which format can carry an alpha channel.

PNG I/O — Write a PNG and read its pixels back.	Transparency — Preserve a transparent background in PNG output.

Vector output

One drawing routine written against the DrawTarget trait, rendered through both the raster and vector backends.

Vector Output — Render one DrawTarget routine to PNG, SVG, and PDF.